Mga Sanggunian sa Talmud para sa Mga Bilang 34:7: Jerusalem Talmud Sheviit

MISHNAH: There are three territories regarding the Sabbatical. Every place held by the immigrants from Babylonia from Akhzib¹A tell between Nahariah and the Tyrian Ladder. inside the Land of Israel cannot be eaten from²There are three essentially different interpretations of this expression. It is stated in the Torah (Lev. 25:6): “The Sabbatical yield shall be food for you.” Therefore, it is a positive obligation to eat Sabbatical fruits; they may not be used for industrial purposes or intentionally wasted (Mishnah 8:2). In the opinion of R. Isaac ibn Ghiat produce grown by a Jew in violation of the Sabbatical is forbidden for all Jews. In the opinion of R. Simson, the Mishnah refers to the time when no produce is left on the fields for the wild animals; then no Sabbatical produce harvested earlier may be kept or eaten. This is a biblical commandment based on Lev. 25:7 and explained in Mishnah 9:2.
In the opinion of Maimonides in his Code (Šemiṭṭah weYovel 4:26), in the later versions of his Mishnah Commentary (see the edition of R. Y. Qafeḥ), and explained at length in a responsum (ed. Blau #128, Peër Hador#15) the Mishnah refers to the rabbinic prohibition to buy in the Holy Land during the Sabbatical any produce that has to be sown and tended since we are concerned that a ready market for this produce will tempt people to work their fields. Only wild growing vegetables and fruits of trees may be bought. Clearly, any produce collected by one’s family from abandoned fields may be eaten (and stored as long as there are fruits left for the wild animals on the field.) The commentary follows the interpretation of Maimonides. or worked. Every place held by the immigrants from Egypt between Akhzib and Euphrates and Amanus³The Southernmost chain of the Taurus mountains between Turkey and Syria. Jewish tradition (the Yerushalmi Targumim, Babli Giṭṭin 8a) identifies Mount Hor (Num. 34:7) with Taurus Amanus. The Euphrates as border of the Holy Land is mentioned in Deut. 1:7. Amanus and Euphrates are the borders of promise, not the actual borders. The rules given in this sentence apply only to the territory North of Akhzib described in the book of Joshua as part of the tribal distribution. The rest of the territory is “Syria” (cf. Peah, Chapter 7, Note 119). can be eaten from but not worked. From Euphrates or Amanus to their side they can be eaten from and worked.

Rav Huna said: So is the Mishnah: “Between Akhzib and Euphrates, between Akhzib and Amanus.⁹¹It is not “between Akhzib and (Taurus Amanus and Euphrates)”; one does not speak about the point at which the Euphrates breaks through the Taurus range.” It was stated⁹²Tosephta Terumot 2:12, Ḥallah2:11, Yerushalmi Ḥallah 4:8, Babli Giṭṭin 8a.: What is the Land and what is outside the Land? From the slopes of Taurus Amanus inwards is the Land of Israel³The Southernmost chain of the Taurus mountains between Turkey and Syria. Jewish tradition (the Yerushalmi Targumim, Babli Giṭṭin 8a) identifies Mount Hor (Num. 34:7) with Taurus Amanus. The Euphrates as border of the Holy Land is mentioned in Deut. 1:7. Amanus and Euphrates are the borders of promise, not the actual borders. The rules given in this sentence apply only to the territory North of Akhzib described in the book of Joshua as part of the tribal distribution. The rest of the territory is “Syria” (cf. Peah, Chapter 7, Note 119)., from Taurus Amanus to the outside is outside the Land. About the islands in the sea, one looks at them as if a string were drawn from Taurus Amanus to the brook of Egypt; from the string to the inside is the Land of Israel, from the string to the outside is outside the Land. Rebbi Jehudah said, all that lies before the Land of Israel is like the Land of Israel since it is said (Num. 34:6): “The Eastern border shall be for you the Great Sea⁹³The Mediterranean. The entire width of the sea is the border. The tradition of R. Jehudah is an old one; Josephus (Antiquities 1.130) in his description of the list of peoples (Gen. 10) writes that the domain of the Canaanites did extend “to the Ocean”. The commentators to Josephus take this as a reference to the Indian Ocean; the text here shows that the Ocean is, as always in Greek literature, the Atlantic Ocean (at the straits of Gibraltar). According to R. Jehudah, Crete (and possibly Sicily) was first settled by Canaanite tribes and promised to Abraham. as border.” Assuming that a string were drawn from Cephalaria⁹⁴Called by Pliny (Hist.nat. V (18) 21) promunturium Syriae Antiochiae. to the Ocean, inside the string is the Land of Israel, outside is outside the Land.